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    Hydrodynamics

    470 International Class

    The meaning of circulation

    Circulation is one of the most misunderstood terms in sailing. Yet, circulation is essential to understand lift and why sails, wingsails, keels, rudde…
    Navalapp
    Topics: Aero - Hydro | Aerodynamics | Hydrodynamics
    Read
    A team of two girls deftly managed to sail in the sea.

    The Reynolds number

    The Reynolds number is the ratio of inertia forces to viscous forces involved in the flow. Reynolds understood that while inertia forces were dominant…
    Navalapp
    Topics: Aero - Hydro | Aerodynamics | Hydrodynamics
    Read
    Dynamic team struggle to the regatta sailing ship

    Understanding the boundary layer

    In 1904, Ludwig Prandtl introduced an approach to understanding and analyzing flows around bodies that produced a massive breakthrough: the boundary l…
    Navalapp
    Topics: Aero - Hydro | Aerodynamics | Hydrodynamics
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    Sailing yacht beating upwind

    Bernoulli’s principle

    The physical significance of Bernoulli's equation is what is known as Bernoulli's principle. It states that when the velocity of a fluid increases, th…
    Navalapp
    Topics: Aero - Hydro | Aerodynamics | Hydrodynamics
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    Flows in sailing

    Sailing boats interact with flows of two very different fluids: air and water. Moreover, sailing boats are able to make their way through the water su…
    Navalapp
    Topics: Aero - Hydro | Aerodynamics | Hydrodynamics
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    Sailing yacht race. Yachting sport

    Added resistance in waves: “Pinkster” solver versus “Keuning 2006” comparison

    In 1980, Johannes Albert Pinkster defended his doctoral thesis "Low frequency second order wave exciting forces on floating structures". His work focu…
    Jean-François Masset
    Topics: Added resistance | Boat / Yacht | Guests | Hydrodynamics | Waves
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    Added resistance in waves of a yacht (calculation)

    See also: Added resistance in waves knowing yacht’s radius of gyration (calculation). Added resistance in waves: Response Amplitude Operator (calculation). What the hydrodynamic resistance is…

    Navalapp
    Topics: Added resistance | Advanced | Boat / Yacht | Calculations | Hydrodynamics | Waves
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    Added resistance in waves knowing yacht’s radius of gyration (calculation)

    Calculation template How does it work? The calculation requires LWL, Tc, BWL, ∇c, CP, the yacht’s radius of gyration, Kyy, as well as the significant…

    Navalapp
    Topics: Added resistance | Boat / Yacht | Calculations | Hydrodynamics | Pro | Waves
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    Added resistance in waves: Response Amplitude Operator (calculation)

    How it works When sailing against waves, a sailing craft experiences an additional resistance that penalizes its performance. To study how the boat is affected,…

    Navalapp
    Topics: Added resistance | Boat / Yacht | Calculations | Hydrodynamics | Pro | Waves
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    Wave spectral density (calculation)

    The performance of a sailing boat is affected by the presence of surface waves. To understand the boat’s behavior under waves, it is necessary first…
    Navalapp
    Topics: Added resistance | Calculations | Environment | Hydrodynamics | Ocean | Waves | Wind
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    Viscous resistance of the rudder (calculation)

    Viscous resistance of the rudder (advanced calculation)
    Navalapp
    Topics: Advanced | Calculations | Hydrodynamics | Rudder | Viscous resistance
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    Pressure resistance of the rudder (calculation)

    Pressure resistance of the rudder (advanced calculation)
    Navalapp
    Topics: Advanced | Calculations | Hydrodynamics | Pressure resistance | Rudder
    Read

    Viscous resistance of the keel (calculation)

    Viscous resistance of the keel (advanced calculation)
    Navalapp
    Topics: Advanced | Calculations | Hydrodynamics | Keel | Viscous resistance
    Read

    Pressure resistance of the keel (calculation)

    Form drag of the keel (advanced calculation)
    Navalapp
    Topics: Advanced | Calculations | Hydrodynamics | Keel | Pressure resistance
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    Frictional resistance of the keel (calculation)

    Frictional resistance of the keel (advanced calculation)
    Navalapp
    Topics: Advanced | Calculations | Frictional resistance | Hydrodynamics | Keel
    Read

    Frictional resistance of the rudder (calculation)

    Frictional resistance of the rudder (advanced calculation)
    Navalapp
    Topics: Advanced | Calculations | Frictional resistance | Hydrodynamics | Rudder
    Read

    Hull parameters check (calculation)

    Hull parameters check (calculation)
    Navalapp
    Topics: Calculations | Hull | Hydrodynamics | Residuary resistance
    Read

    Total hydrodynamic resistance (calculation)

    Total hydrodynamic resistance (calculation)
    Navalapp
    Topics: Advanced | Boat / Yacht | Calculations | Hydrodynamics | Total resistance
    Read

    Total residuary resistance of a boat or yacht (calculation)

    Total residuary resistance of a boat or yacht (calculation)
    Navalapp
    Topics: Advanced | Boat / Yacht | Calculations | Hydrodynamics | Residuary resistance
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    Residuary resistance of the keel upright and heeled (calculation)

    Residuary resistance of the keel upright and heeled (calculation)
    Navalapp
    Topics: Advanced | Calculations | Hydrodynamics | Keel | Residuary resistance
    Read
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    Navalapp. Sailing Yachts Design & Performance
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