Lift-induced drag – Navalapp

Blue sailing boat on the sea with keel under water

On bulbs (and keels)

<img alt='' data-srcset='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png 2x' height='80' width='80' data-src='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png' class='avatar avatar-80 photo lazyload' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' /><noscript><img alt='' data-srcset='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png 2x' height='80' width='80' data-src='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png' class='avatar avatar-80 photo lazyload' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' /><noscript><img alt='' data-srcset='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png 2x' height='80' width='80' data-src='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png' class='avatar avatar-80 photo lazyload' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' /><noscript><img alt='' src='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png' srcset='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png 2x' class='avatar avatar-80 photo' height='80' width='80' />

Topics: Advanced | Appendages | Bulbs | Design | Hydrodynamics | Keel | Lift-induced drag | Resistance

<img width="640" height="336" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-srcset="https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-1024x537.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-600x314.jpg 600w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-300x157.jpg 300w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-768x402.jpg 768w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-1080x566.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-624x327.jpg 624w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor.jpg 1145w" data-src="https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-1024x537.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width:768px) 768px, (max-width:1024px) 1024px, 1024px" class="attachment-large size-large wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="640" height="336" src="https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-1024x537.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" sizes="(max-width:768px) 768px, (max-width:1024px) 1024px, 1024px" loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-1024x537.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-600x314.jpg 600w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-300x157.jpg 300w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-768x402.jpg 768w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-1080x566.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-624x327.jpg 624w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor.jpg 1145w" />

Unswept Wings: coefficients, forces, circulation, lift per unit span, and downwash (calculation)

<img alt='' data-srcset='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png 2x' height='80' width='80' data-src='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png' class='avatar avatar-80 photo lazyload' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' /><noscript><img alt='' data-srcset='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png 2x' height='80' width='80' data-src='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png' class='avatar avatar-80 photo lazyload' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' /><noscript><img alt='' data-srcset='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png 2x' height='80' width='80' data-src='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png' class='avatar avatar-80 photo lazyload' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' /><noscript><img alt='' src='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png' srcset='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png 2x' class='avatar avatar-80 photo' height='80' width='80' />

Topics: Aero - Hydro | Calculations | Lift | Lift-induced drag | Pro | Wings

<img width="640" height="336" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-srcset="https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-1024x537.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-600x314.jpg 600w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-300x157.jpg 300w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-768x402.jpg 768w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-1080x566.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-624x327.jpg 624w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor.jpg 1145w" data-src="https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-1024x537.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width:768px) 768px, (max-width:1024px) 1024px, 1024px" class="attachment-large size-large wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="640" height="336" src="https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-1024x537.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" sizes="(max-width:768px) 768px, (max-width:1024px) 1024px, 1024px" loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-1024x537.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-600x314.jpg 600w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-300x157.jpg 300w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-768x402.jpg 768w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-1080x566.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-624x327.jpg 624w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor.jpg 1145w" />

Unswept Wings: coefficients and forces (calculation)

<img alt='' data-srcset='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png 2x' height='80' width='80' data-src='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png' class='avatar avatar-80 photo lazyload' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' /><noscript><img alt='' data-srcset='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png 2x' height='80' width='80' data-src='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png' class='avatar avatar-80 photo lazyload' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' /><noscript><img alt='' data-srcset='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png 2x' height='80' width='80' data-src='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png' class='avatar avatar-80 photo lazyload' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' /><noscript><img alt='' src='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png' srcset='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png 2x' class='avatar avatar-80 photo' height='80' width='80' />

Topics: Advanced | Aero - Hydro | Calculations | Lift | Lift-induced drag | Wings

<img width="640" height="336" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" data-srcset="https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-1024x537.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-600x314.jpg 600w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-300x157.jpg 300w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-768x402.jpg 768w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-1080x566.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-624x327.jpg 624w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor.jpg 1145w" data-src="https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-1024x537.jpg" data-sizes="(max-width:768px) 768px, (max-width:1024px) 1024px, 1024px" class="attachment-large size-large wp-post-image lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" /><noscript><img width="640" height="336" src="https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-1024x537.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" sizes="(max-width:768px) 768px, (max-width:1024px) 1024px, 1024px" loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-1024x537.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-600x314.jpg 600w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-300x157.jpg 300w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-768x402.jpg 768w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-1080x566.jpg 1080w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor-624x327.jpg 624w, https://cdn.navalapp.com/uploads/2021/07/wing_unicolor.jpg 1145w" />

Unswept Wings: lift and induced drag coefficients (calculation)

<img alt='' data-srcset='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png 2x' height='80' width='80' data-src='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png' class='avatar avatar-80 photo lazyload' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' /><noscript><img alt='' data-srcset='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png 2x' height='80' width='80' data-src='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png' class='avatar avatar-80 photo lazyload' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' /><noscript><img alt='' data-srcset='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png 2x' height='80' width='80' data-src='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png' class='avatar avatar-80 photo lazyload' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' /><noscript><img alt='' src='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png' srcset='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png 2x' class='avatar avatar-80 photo' height='80' width='80' />

Topics: Aero - Hydro | Calculations | Lift | Lift-induced drag | Wings

Sailing yacht reaching

What the hydrodynamic resistance is and why it matters

<img alt='' data-srcset='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png 2x' height='80' width='80' data-src='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png' class='avatar avatar-80 photo lazyload' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' /><noscript><img alt='' data-srcset='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png 2x' height='80' width='80' data-src='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png' class='avatar avatar-80 photo lazyload' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' /><noscript><img alt='' data-srcset='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png 2x' height='80' width='80' data-src='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png' class='avatar avatar-80 photo lazyload' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' /><noscript><img alt='' src='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png' srcset='https://navalapp.com/snp-wp-content/uploads/avatars/1/6095006fa126d-bpthumb.png 2x' class='avatar avatar-80 photo' height='80' width='80' />

Topics: Added resistance | Frictional resistance | Hydrodynamics | Lift-induced drag | Residuary resistance | Resistance | Wave-making resistance